Kushicilelwe ยท Ndebele (South)
Ukukhetha ibhizinisi elifanelekayo lokusungula inkampani e-China
Umhlahlandlela wezisekelo zomthetho kumakhamphani angaphandle afuna ukusungula inkampani e-China: i-WFOE, i-joint venture, i-representative office, kanye nezinto okufanele uzicabangele. Ulwazi olujwayelekile kuphela, hhayi iseluleko somthetho noma sentela.
Uma usungula ibhizinisi e-China, isinqumo sokuqala esibalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo lwebhizinisi (entity) ozolisebenzisa. Lokhu akulona nje udaba lwamaphepha; kunomthelela ekutheni ungasebenza kanjani, ukuthi ukhokha intela kanjani, nokuthi ungaphatha kanjani imali nokulahlekelwa. Le ndatshana inikeza ulwazi olujwayelekile kuphela futhi akuyona iseluleko somthetho noma sentela. Ngaso sonke isikhathi thola iseluleko kochwepheshe basemthethweni nabasezimalini abagunyaziwe e-China ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo.
Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo zebhizinisi e-China
Abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abasungula ibhizinisi e-China ngokuvamile bakhetha phakathi kwezinto ezintathu: i-Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise (WFOE), i-joint venture (JV) nomuntu wase-China, kanye ne-representative office (RO). Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo, kodwa lezi zintathu zivame ukucatshangelwa.
1. I-Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise (WFOE)
I-WFOE ibhizinisi eliphethwe ngokuphelele ngumuntu wangaphandle. Ivame ukuba ukukhetha okuyintandokazi kwabantu abaningi abavela ngaphandle ngoba unikeza ukulawula okuphelele. I-WFOE ingenza imisebenzi efana nokuthengisa, ukukhiqiza, nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo, kuye ngokuthi uhlu lwayo lwebhizinisi (business scope) luvunyelwe. I-WFOE kufanele ibe nemali yokugxuma (registered capital) futhi ibe nebhange lase-China kanye nomphathi womthetho (legal representative).
I-WFOE ivame ukufaneleka uma ufuna ukulawula ibhizinisi lakho ngokuphelele futhi usuthembela ekutheni uzokwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokubhalisa. Kodwa-ke, ukusungula i-WFOE kudinga isikhathi nemali, futhi kunezidingo zokuhlinzeka ngemibiko yonyaka kanye nokugcinwa kwamabhuku.
2. I-Joint Venture (JV)
I-JV ibhizinisi elisungulwa ngumuntu wangaphandle kanye nomuntu wase-China (noma inkampani yase-China) ngokubambisana. I-JV ingaba yinzuzo uma umlingani wase-China eletha ulwazi lwendawo, ukuxhumana, noma izinsiza ezingenakutholakala kalula. Kodwa-ke, i-JV idinga ukuvumelana ngokwabiwa kwamasheya, ukulawula, kanye nokwabiwa kwezinzuzo. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabambisani kungaba yinkinga, ngakho-ke isivumelwano esiqinile sibalulekile.
Ezinye izikhathi, imithetho yase-China iphoqa ukusetshenziswa kwe-JV kumikhakha ethile, kodwa le mithetho iyashintsha. Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhakha wakho uvumela i-WFOE ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokukhetha.
3. I-Representative Office (RO)
I-RO iyingxenye enomkhawulo kakhulu. Ayikwazi ukwenza inzuzo ngqo; ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana, ukucwaninga umakethe, nokumelela inkampani yomzali. I-RO ayikwazi ukuthengisa noma ukukhokhela abasebenzi ngqo ngendlela efanayo ne-WFOE. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-RO ivame ukufaneleka kuphela uma ufuna ukuba khona okuncane ngaphambi kokutshala imali enkulu.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokukhetha
Akukho mpendulo eyodwa efanele wonke umuntu. Cabanga ngalezi zinto:
- Umkhakha wakho: Imikhakha eminingi ivumela ama-WFOE, kodwa eminye imikhakha inemithetho eqinile noma idinga imvume ekhethekile. Hlola uhlu lwezinto ezivunyelwe (negative list) kanye nemithetho yomkhakha.
- Ukulawula: Ufuna ukulawula okuphelele? I-WFOE inikeza lokho. I-JV idinga ukwabelana ngokulawula.
- Izinsiza ezidingekayo: Udinga ukuxhumana kwendawo, abasebenzi, noma ulwazi lomkhakha? Umlingani wase-China angasiza, kodwa cabanga ngezingozi.
- Imali: Zonke izinhlobo zidinga imali yokugxuma, kodwa inani liyahlukahluka. I-RO ivame ukuba yindleko ephansi kodwa inomkhawulo omkhulu.
- Isikhathi nokuhamba: Ukusungula i-WFOE kungathatha izinyanga. I-RO ingase ibe ngcono uma ufuna ukuqala ngokushesha.
- Intela: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zikhokha intela ngendlela ehlukile. I-WFOE ikhokha intela yenzuzo yebhizinisi; i-RO ivame ukukhokha intela yebhizinisi elingaphandle. Thola iseluleko somchwepheshe wokuthola isithombe esiphelele.
Ukwenza isinqumo
Ngaphambi kokubhalisa, cabanga ukusebenza nge-ejensi yokubhalisa yendawo noma umeluleki. Bangakusiza uqonde izidingo zendawo, ukuhlinzeka ngamaphepha, nokuhamba ngenqubo. Kodwa-ke, hlala wazi ukuthi umthwalo wokuhambisana nemithetho usehlombe lakho.
Futhi, cabanga ngesikhathi eside. Uma uhlela ukukhula, i-WFOE ingase ibe ukukhetha okungcono kusukela ekuqaleni, ngisho noma kudinga imali ethe xaxa. Uma uhlola umakethe kuphela, i-RO ingaba yisinyathelo sokuqala esihle.
Ekugcineni, qinisekisa ukuthi uqonda izidingo zokuhlinzeka ngemibiko, ukugcinwa kwamabhuku, kanye nokukhokha intela. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemithetho e-China kungaholela ezinhlawulweni noma ekuvalweni kwebhizinisi.
Isifundo esifingqiwe
Ukukhetha ibhizinisi elifanelekayo e-China kudinga ukucabanga ngomkhakha wakho, ukulawula, imali, kanye nezinjongo zesikhathi eside. I-WFOE ivame ukuba ukukhetha okuhle kwabaningi abafuna ukulawula okuphelele, i-JV ingaba yinzuzo uma umlingani eletha okuthile okubalulekile, kanti i-RO ilungele ukuba khona okuncane. Le ndatshana inikeza ulwazi olujwayelekile kuphela futhi akuyona iseluleko somthetho noma sentela. Ngaso sonke isikhathi thola iseluleko kuchwepheshe ogunyaziwe ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo.